Welcome to Italy: The Walls and Paintings at Uffizi Gallery

Por

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8 de octubre de 2023

The transportive work of Vincent van Gogh has transposed us through the limits of time and into an era where Impressionist paintings were a statement to be made. While the artist himself may be of post-impressionism, he manages to capture the open composition of the movement perfectly.

Post Impressionism rejected the earlier movement’s limitations. However, they continued their usage of vivid colors through the thick applications of their brush on canvas. Geometric forms can often be spotted in the paintings as they can distort the real-life subject matters and create a more expressive silhouette.

Vincent van Gogh as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism

Through his swirling brush strokes, the artist would convey his feelings and his state of mind. His belief that there was a power behind nature made him try to capture it through his work. Therefore, he strove to become a painter of rural life and nature.

His renditions of flowers are always symbolic in meaning where life is lived under the sun and work is an allegory of life. The color yellow is frequently present in his works to showcase life, God, and sunlight.

Van Gogh always aimed to stay within the “guise of reality” which gave his paintings an abstract form. However, he later wrote that at times he might have taken it too far, reality having been set as a background character and being heavily overshadowed by the protagonist: symbolism.

A collection of personality

He tried to build a personal collection that reflected his own views on reality and life, but one that could also be commercially successful, between 1885 and his death. His paintings, as such, contained an optimal use of color and brush strokes. However, his mistake was that he applied the idea of “purposeful” to paintings he had already finished instead of studies he could have taken to a whole new level.

“Cypresses” was painted in late June of 1889, when he began his year-long stay at the asylum in Saint-Rémy. He wanted to capture the big, tall trees that to him appeared as dark spots under the powerful sunlight.

The marvelous trees had gained ground in his other works after this. His painting “Wheat Field with Cypresses”, which was painted in late June 1889, had been devoted to his stay at the asylum. He regarded that painting as one of his best summer works and had been determined to make two renditions of it: a smaller scale one which had been sent as a gift to his mother and sister, and a bigger one which can be found in the National Gallery, in London.

The stylistic captures of Vincent van Gogh

Each artistic development Van Gogh had gone through has been owed to his living across different places in Europe. He took to immersing himself in the local culture and activity, he judged and studied the lighting and implemented in his various paintings. His evolution had been slow, and he was acutely aware of his painterly limitations, yet he kept his individual outlook throughout each work.

He might have been pushed to move often as a coping mechanism when faced with the realities of his current situation, however, it also contributed to his development of his technical skill. Whenever he painted a portrait, he wanted them to endure through the passage of time and would use colors to capture the emotions of each person rather than aim for realism.

Each new portrait reflected a varied style: from the beginning when he limited his palette and varied his brush strokes to the culmination of his career when he painted in a broad style and showed his frenzy through each work. The rough surface and use of a palette knife seem to have been the highest point in his work.

Vincent van Gogh’s sadness and loneliness had pushed him to try to take his own life. However, the attempt had been butchered, and he survived only to die of an infection that penetrated his body through the bullet wound. He had always tried to reflect his loneliness through his work, and he did so, beautifully.

A trip to Madrid, Spain, to visit their art museum: The Prado

Por

Elric M. Reaper

-

8 de octubre de 2023

0

The transportive work of Vincent van Gogh has transposed us through the limits of time and into an era where Impressionist paintings were a statement to be made. While the artist himself may be of post-impressionism, he manages to capture the open composition of the movement perfectly.

Post Impressionism rejected the earlier movement’s limitations. However, they continued their usage of vivid colors through the thick applications of their brush on canvas. Geometric forms can often be spotted in the paintings as they can distort the real-life subject matters and create a more expressive silhouette.

Vincent van Gogh as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism

Through his swirling brush strokes, the artist would convey his feelings and his state of mind. His belief that there was a power behind nature made him try to capture it through his work. Therefore, he strove to become a painter of rural life and nature.

His renditions of flowers are always symbolic in meaning where life is lived under the sun and work is an allegory of life. The color yellow is frequently present in his works to showcase life, God, and sunlight.

Van Gogh always aimed to stay within the “guise of reality” which gave his paintings an abstract form. However, he later wrote that at times he might have taken it too far, reality having been set as a background character and being heavily overshadowed by the protagonist: symbolism.

A collection of personality

He tried to build a personal collection that reflected his own views on reality and life, but one that could also be commercially successful, between 1885 and his death. His paintings, as such, contained an optimal use of color and brush strokes. However, his mistake was that he applied the idea of “purposeful” to paintings he had already finished instead of studies he could have taken to a whole new level.

“Cypresses” was painted in late June of 1889, when he began his year-long stay at the asylum in Saint-Rémy. He wanted to capture the big, tall trees that to him appeared as dark spots under the powerful sunlight.

The marvelous trees had gained ground in his other works after this. His painting “Wheat Field with Cypresses”, which was painted in late June 1889, had been devoted to his stay at the asylum. He regarded that painting as one of his best summer works and had been determined to make two renditions of it: a smaller scale one which had been sent as a gift to his mother and sister, and a bigger one which can be found in the National Gallery, in London.

The stylistic captures of Vincent van Gogh

Each artistic development Van Gogh had gone through has been owed to his living across different places in Europe. He took to immersing himself in the local culture and activity, he judged and studied the lighting and implemented in his various paintings. His evolution had been slow, and he was acutely aware of his painterly limitations, yet he kept his individual outlook throughout each work.

He might have been pushed to move often as a coping mechanism when faced with the realities of his current situation, however, it also contributed to his development of his technical skill. Whenever he painted a portrait, he wanted them to endure through the passage of time and would use colors to capture the emotions of each person rather than aim for realism.

Each new portrait reflected a varied style: from the beginning when he limited his palette and varied his brush strokes to the culmination of his career when he painted in a broad style and showed his frenzy through each work. The rough surface and use of a palette knife seem to have been the highest point in his work.

Vincent van Gogh’s sadness and loneliness had pushed him to try to take his own life. However, the attempt had been butchered, and he survived only to die of an infection that penetrated his body through the bullet wound. He had always tried to reflect his loneliness through his work, and he did so, beautifully.

Melodramatic paintings of religious subjects: John Martin and his works

Por

Elric M. Reaper

-

8 de octubre de 2023

0

The transportive work of Vincent van Gogh has transposed us through the limits of time and into an era where Impressionist paintings were a statement to be made. While the artist himself may be of post-impressionism, he manages to capture the open composition of the movement perfectly.

Post Impressionism rejected the earlier movement’s limitations. However, they continued their usage of vivid colors through the thick applications of their brush on canvas. Geometric forms can often be spotted in the paintings as they can distort the real-life subject matters and create a more expressive silhouette.

Vincent van Gogh as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism

Through his swirling brush strokes, the artist would convey his feelings and his state of mind. His belief that there was a power behind nature made him try to capture it through his work. Therefore, he strove to become a painter of rural life and nature.

His renditions of flowers are always symbolic in meaning where life is lived under the sun and work is an allegory of life. The color yellow is frequently present in his works to showcase life, God, and sunlight.

Van Gogh always aimed to stay within the “guise of reality” which gave his paintings an abstract form. However, he later wrote that at times he might have taken it too far, reality having been set as a background character and being heavily overshadowed by the protagonist: symbolism.

A collection of personality

He tried to build a personal collection that reflected his own views on reality and life, but one that could also be commercially successful, between 1885 and his death. His paintings, as such, contained an optimal use of color and brush strokes. However, his mistake was that he applied the idea of “purposeful” to paintings he had already finished instead of studies he could have taken to a whole new level.

“Cypresses” was painted in late June of 1889, when he began his year-long stay at the asylum in Saint-Rémy. He wanted to capture the big, tall trees that to him appeared as dark spots under the powerful sunlight.

The marvelous trees had gained ground in his other works after this. His painting “Wheat Field with Cypresses”, which was painted in late June 1889, had been devoted to his stay at the asylum. He regarded that painting as one of his best summer works and had been determined to make two renditions of it: a smaller scale one which had been sent as a gift to his mother and sister, and a bigger one which can be found in the National Gallery, in London.

The stylistic captures of Vincent van Gogh

Each artistic development Van Gogh had gone through has been owed to his living across different places in Europe. He took to immersing himself in the local culture and activity, he judged and studied the lighting and implemented in his various paintings. His evolution had been slow, and he was acutely aware of his painterly limitations, yet he kept his individual outlook throughout each work.

He might have been pushed to move often as a coping mechanism when faced with the realities of his current situation, however, it also contributed to his development of his technical skill. Whenever he painted a portrait, he wanted them to endure through the passage of time and would use colors to capture the emotions of each person rather than aim for realism.

Each new portrait reflected a varied style: from the beginning when he limited his palette and varied his brush strokes to the culmination of his career when he painted in a broad style and showed his frenzy through each work. The rough surface and use of a palette knife seem to have been the highest point in his work.

Vincent van Gogh’s sadness and loneliness had pushed him to try to take his own life. However, the attempt had been butchered, and he survived only to die of an infection that penetrated his body through the bullet wound. He had always tried to reflect his loneliness through his work, and he did so, beautifully.

Mythology entwined with realism, the activity of William-Adolphe Bouguereau

Por

Elric M. Reaper

-

8 de octubre de 2023

0

The transportive work of Vincent van Gogh has transposed us through the limits of time and into an era where Impressionist paintings were a statement to be made. While the artist himself may be of post-impressionism, he manages to capture the open composition of the movement perfectly.

Post Impressionism rejected the earlier movement’s limitations. However, they continued their usage of vivid colors through the thick applications of their brush on canvas. Geometric forms can often be spotted in the paintings as they can distort the real-life subject matters and create a more expressive silhouette.

Vincent van Gogh as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism

Through his swirling brush strokes, the artist would convey his feelings and his state of mind. His belief that there was a power behind nature made him try to capture it through his work. Therefore, he strove to become a painter of rural life and nature.

His renditions of flowers are always symbolic in meaning where life is lived under the sun and work is an allegory of life. The color yellow is frequently present in his works to showcase life, God, and sunlight.

Van Gogh always aimed to stay within the “guise of reality” which gave his paintings an abstract form. However, he later wrote that at times he might have taken it too far, reality having been set as a background character and being heavily overshadowed by the protagonist: symbolism.

A collection of personality

He tried to build a personal collection that reflected his own views on reality and life, but one that could also be commercially successful, between 1885 and his death. His paintings, as such, contained an optimal use of color and brush strokes. However, his mistake was that he applied the idea of “purposeful” to paintings he had already finished instead of studies he could have taken to a whole new level.

“Cypresses” was painted in late June of 1889, when he began his year-long stay at the asylum in Saint-Rémy. He wanted to capture the big, tall trees that to him appeared as dark spots under the powerful sunlight.

The marvelous trees had gained ground in his other works after this. His painting “Wheat Field with Cypresses”, which was painted in late June 1889, had been devoted to his stay at the asylum. He regarded that painting as one of his best summer works and had been determined to make two renditions of it: a smaller scale one which had been sent as a gift to his mother and sister, and a bigger one which can be found in the National Gallery, in London.

The stylistic captures of Vincent van Gogh

Each artistic development Van Gogh had gone through has been owed to his living across different places in Europe. He took to immersing himself in the local culture and activity, he judged and studied the lighting and implemented in his various paintings. His evolution had been slow, and he was acutely aware of his painterly limitations, yet he kept his individual outlook throughout each work.

He might have been pushed to move often as a coping mechanism when faced with the realities of his current situation, however, it also contributed to his development of his technical skill. Whenever he painted a portrait, he wanted them to endure through the passage of time and would use colors to capture the emotions of each person rather than aim for realism.

Each new portrait reflected a varied style: from the beginning when he limited his palette and varied his brush strokes to the culmination of his career when he painted in a broad style and showed his frenzy through each work. The rough surface and use of a palette knife seem to have been the highest point in his work.

Vincent van Gogh’s sadness and loneliness had pushed him to try to take his own life. However, the attempt had been butchered, and he survived only to die of an infection that penetrated his body through the bullet wound. He had always tried to reflect his loneliness through his work, and he did so, beautifully.

The Wanderers and idealized Russian life: Konstantin Yegorovich Makovsky

Por

Elric M. Reaper

-

8 de octubre de 2023

0

The transportive work of Vincent van Gogh has transposed us through the limits of time and into an era where Impressionist paintings were a statement to be made. While the artist himself may be of post-impressionism, he manages to capture the open composition of the movement perfectly.

Post Impressionism rejected the earlier movement’s limitations. However, they continued their usage of vivid colors through the thick applications of their brush on canvas. Geometric forms can often be spotted in the paintings as they can distort the real-life subject matters and create a more expressive silhouette.

Vincent van Gogh as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism

Through his swirling brush strokes, the artist would convey his feelings and his state of mind. His belief that there was a power behind nature made him try to capture it through his work. Therefore, he strove to become a painter of rural life and nature.

His renditions of flowers are always symbolic in meaning where life is lived under the sun and work is an allegory of life. The color yellow is frequently present in his works to showcase life, God, and sunlight.

Van Gogh always aimed to stay within the “guise of reality” which gave his paintings an abstract form. However, he later wrote that at times he might have taken it too far, reality having been set as a background character and being heavily overshadowed by the protagonist: symbolism.

A collection of personality

He tried to build a personal collection that reflected his own views on reality and life, but one that could also be commercially successful, between 1885 and his death. His paintings, as such, contained an optimal use of color and brush strokes. However, his mistake was that he applied the idea of “purposeful” to paintings he had already finished instead of studies he could have taken to a whole new level.

“Cypresses” was painted in late June of 1889, when he began his year-long stay at the asylum in Saint-Rémy. He wanted to capture the big, tall trees that to him appeared as dark spots under the powerful sunlight.

The marvelous trees had gained ground in his other works after this. His painting “Wheat Field with Cypresses”, which was painted in late June 1889, had been devoted to his stay at the asylum. He regarded that painting as one of his best summer works and had been determined to make two renditions of it: a smaller scale one which had been sent as a gift to his mother and sister, and a bigger one which can be found in the National Gallery, in London.

The stylistic captures of Vincent van Gogh

Each artistic development Van Gogh had gone through has been owed to his living across different places in Europe. He took to immersing himself in the local culture and activity, he judged and studied the lighting and implemented in his various paintings. His evolution had been slow, and he was acutely aware of his painterly limitations, yet he kept his individual outlook throughout each work.

He might have been pushed to move often as a coping mechanism when faced with the realities of his current situation, however, it also contributed to his development of his technical skill. Whenever he painted a portrait, he wanted them to endure through the passage of time and would use colors to capture the emotions of each person rather than aim for realism.

Each new portrait reflected a varied style: from the beginning when he limited his palette and varied his brush strokes to the culmination of his career when he painted in a broad style and showed his frenzy through each work. The rough surface and use of a palette knife seem to have been the highest point in his work.

Vincent van Gogh’s sadness and loneliness had pushed him to try to take his own life. However, the attempt had been butchered, and he survived only to die of an infection that penetrated his body through the bullet wound. He had always tried to reflect his loneliness through his work, and he did so, beautifully.

Celebrate History with Jacques-Louis David and his beautiful works

Por

Elric M. Reaper

-

8 de octubre de 2023

0

The transportive work of Vincent van Gogh has transposed us through the limits of time and into an era where Impressionist paintings were a statement to be made. While the artist himself may be of post-impressionism, he manages to capture the open composition of the movement perfectly.

Post Impressionism rejected the earlier movement’s limitations. However, they continued their usage of vivid colors through the thick applications of their brush on canvas. Geometric forms can often be spotted in the paintings as they can distort the real-life subject matters and create a more expressive silhouette.

Vincent van Gogh as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism

Through his swirling brush strokes, the artist would convey his feelings and his state of mind. His belief that there was a power behind nature made him try to capture it through his work. Therefore, he strove to become a painter of rural life and nature.

His renditions of flowers are always symbolic in meaning where life is lived under the sun and work is an allegory of life. The color yellow is frequently present in his works to showcase life, God, and sunlight.

Van Gogh always aimed to stay within the “guise of reality” which gave his paintings an abstract form. However, he later wrote that at times he might have taken it too far, reality having been set as a background character and being heavily overshadowed by the protagonist: symbolism.

A collection of personality

He tried to build a personal collection that reflected his own views on reality and life, but one that could also be commercially successful, between 1885 and his death. His paintings, as such, contained an optimal use of color and brush strokes. However, his mistake was that he applied the idea of “purposeful” to paintings he had already finished instead of studies he could have taken to a whole new level.

“Cypresses” was painted in late June of 1889, when he began his year-long stay at the asylum in Saint-Rémy. He wanted to capture the big, tall trees that to him appeared as dark spots under the powerful sunlight.

The marvelous trees had gained ground in his other works after this. His painting “Wheat Field with Cypresses”, which was painted in late June 1889, had been devoted to his stay at the asylum. He regarded that painting as one of his best summer works and had been determined to make two renditions of it: a smaller scale one which had been sent as a gift to his mother and sister, and a bigger one which can be found in the National Gallery, in London.

The stylistic captures of Vincent van Gogh

Each artistic development Van Gogh had gone through has been owed to his living across different places in Europe. He took to immersing himself in the local culture and activity, he judged and studied the lighting and implemented in his various paintings. His evolution had been slow, and he was acutely aware of his painterly limitations, yet he kept his individual outlook throughout each work.

He might have been pushed to move often as a coping mechanism when faced with the realities of his current situation, however, it also contributed to his development of his technical skill. Whenever he painted a portrait, he wanted them to endure through the passage of time and would use colors to capture the emotions of each person rather than aim for realism.

Each new portrait reflected a varied style: from the beginning when he limited his palette and varied his brush strokes to the culmination of his career when he painted in a broad style and showed his frenzy through each work. The rough surface and use of a palette knife seem to have been the highest point in his work.

Vincent van Gogh’s sadness and loneliness had pushed him to try to take his own life. However, the attempt had been butchered, and he survived only to die of an infection that penetrated his body through the bullet wound. He had always tried to reflect his loneliness through his work, and he did so, beautifully.

Trastorno de la personalidad narcisista

Por

Elric M. Reaper

-

8 de octubre de 2023

0

Descripción general

El trastorno de la personalidad narcisista es una enfermedad de salud mental en la cual las personas tienen un aire irrazonable de superioridad. Necesitan y buscan demasiada atención, y quieren que las personas las admiren. Es posible que a las personas con este trastorno les cueste comprender o no les importen los sentimientos de los demás. Sin embargo, detrás de esta máscara de absoluta confianza propia, no están seguras de ellas mismas y reaccionan fácilmente a la más mínima crítica.

El trastorno de la personalidad narcisista causa problemas en muchas áreas de la vida, como las relaciones interpersonales, el trabajo, la escuela o los asuntos financieros. En general, las personas con trastorno de la personalidad narcisista pueden sentirse infelices y decepcionadas cuando no les hacen favores especiales o no reciben la admiración que creen merecer. Pueden sentir que sus relaciones interpersonales son conflictivas y poco satisfactorias, y es posible que los demás no disfruten de su compañía.

El tratamiento del trastorno de la personalidad narcisista se centra en la terapia de conversación o psicoterapia.

Por lo general, comienza en la adolescencia o a principios de la adultez. Algunos niños pueden manifestar rasgos de narcicismo, pero esto suele ser típico de la edad, por lo que no significa que tendrán trastorno de la personalidad narcisista en el futuro.

Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh, 1887

Síntomas

Los síntomas del trastorno de la personalidad narcisista y su gravedad pueden variar. Las personas que tienen este trastorno pueden:

Tener un aire de superioridad irrazonable y necesitar constantemente la admiración excesiva de los demás
Sentir que merecen tener privilegios y recibir un trato especial
Esperar que se reconozca su superioridad, incluso sin haber logrado nada
Hacer que sus logros y talentos parezcan más importantes de lo que son
Preocuparse por fantasías sobre el éxito, el poder, la brillantez, la belleza o la pareja perfecta
Creer que son mejores que los demás y que solo pueden pasar tiempo con personas tan especiales como ellas o que únicamente ese tipo de personas podrán entenderlas
Criticar y menospreciar a las personas que no consideran importantes
Esperar favores especiales y que los demás hagan lo que ellas quieren sin cuestionamientos
Aprovecharse de los demás para lograr lo que quieren
Tener incapacidad o falta de voluntad para reconocer las necesidades y los sentimientos de los demás
Envidiar a los demás y creer que son envidiadas por otras personas
Comportarse con arrogancia, alardear mucho y ser consideradas engreídas
Insistir en que tienen lo mejor de todo, por ejemplo, el mejor automóvil o la mejor oficina

A la vez, las personas con trastorno de la personalidad narcisista tienen dificultad para reaccionar a aquello que perciben como una crítica. Pueden comportarse del siguiente modo:

Impacientarse o enojarse cuando no reciben un reconocimiento o un trato especial
Tener grandes dificultades para interactuar con otras personas y sentirse menospreciadas con facilidad
Reaccionar con ira o desdén y tratar con desprecio a otras personas para dar la impresión de que son superiores
Tener dificultad para manejar sus emociones y su comportamiento
Tener gran dificultad para enfrentar situaciones de estrés y adaptarse a los cambios
Evitar situaciones en las que pueden fracasar
Sentirse deprimidas y temperamentales porque no alcanzan la perfección
Tener sentimientos ocultos de inseguridad, vergüenza, humillación y miedo de que se descubra que son un fracaso

Cuándo consultar al médico

Las personas que tienen un trastorno de la personalidad narcisista pueden no querer pensar que les pasa algo malo, así que no suelen buscar tratamiento. Si buscan tratamiento, es más probable que lo hagan para tratar síntomas de depresión, consumo excesivo de sustancias o de alcohol, u otro problema de salud mental. Es posible que sea difícil aceptar aquellas cosas que consideran insultos a su autoestima y continuar con un tratamiento.

Si reconoces aspectos de tu personalidad que son frecuentes en el trastorno de personalidad narcisista o si te sientes abrumado por la tristeza, considera la posibilidad de contactar a un profesional de salud mental o a un proveedor de atención médica de confianza. Obtener el mejor tratamiento para ti puede ayudarte a tener una vida más plena y agradable.

Causas

No se sabe cuál es la causa del trastorno de la personalidad narcisista. Posiblemente sea una causa compleja. El trastorno de la personalidad narcisista puede asociarse con:

El entorno: relaciones entre padres e hijos que se caracterizan por demasiada adoración o muchas críticas y que no se corresponden con las experiencias y logros reales del niño.
La genética: ciertas características heredadas, como determinados rasgos de la personalidad.
La neurobiología: la conexión entre la conducta, el cerebro y el pensamiento.

Factores de riesgo

Aunque se desconoce la causa del trastorno de la personalidad narcisista, algunos investigadores creen que la sobreprotección o la negligencia de los padres durante la crianza puede influir en los niños que nacen con tendencia a desarrollar este trastorno. La genética y otros factores pueden intervenir en el desarrollo del trastorno de la personalidad narcisista.

Complicaciones

Las complicaciones del trastorno de la personalidad narcisista, y otras afecciones que pueden acompañar este trastorno, incluyen las siguientes:

Problemas en las relaciones
Problemas en la casa y en la escuela
Depresión y ansiedad
Otros trastornos de la personalidad
Un trastorno alimentario llamado anorexia
Problemas de salud física
Abuso de sustancias adictivas o alcohol
Pensamientos o conductas suicidas

Prevención

Como se desconoce la causa del trastorno de la personalidad narcisista, no se sabe cómo prevenirlo. Sin embargo, esto puede ayudar:

Buscar tratamiento lo antes posible para los problemas de salud mental de la niñez
Hacer terapia familiar para aprender formas saludables de comunicarte o afrontar los conflictos o el sufrimiento emocional
Asistir a clases para madres y padres, y buscar ayuda de un terapeuta o un trabajador social de ser necesario

Trastorno de personalidad narcisista

En el trastorno de personalidad narcisista, la persona expresa la necesidad constante de alimentar sus fantasías de grandiosidad y su autoestima a través de actitudes y comportamientos a menudo exagerados. Es intolerante a la crítica y tiende a reaccionar con ira, o enmascarando la vergüenza y la humillación con una actitud fría. También puede llegar a ser violento como consecuencia de una herida narcisista.

En las clasificaciones diagnósticas actuales (DSM – 5, 2013) se describe un tipo de trastorno de personalidad narcisista caracterizado por la presencia de sentimientos de importancia y grandiosidad, fantasías de éxito, necesidad exhibicionista de atención y explotación en las relaciones interpersonales.

Sin embargo, desde un punto de vista más dinámico, y basado en otro tipo de clasificaciones diagnósticas (PDM-2 – Lingiardi y Mcwilliams, 2017), la investigación y la práctica clínica, se defiende la existencia de dos subtipos de individuos narcisistas, realizando una distinción entre un subtipo grandioso y un subtipo vulnerable (Dickinson et al., 2003; Gabbard, 1989, 1998; Gersten, 1991; Rovik, 2001; Smolewska et al., 2005; Wink, 1991).

Por un lado Kernberg (1970, 1974, 1998) propone un trastorno narcisista de tipo envidioso y codicioso, en el que la persona requiere la atención y la aprobación constante de los demás. Por otro lado Kouth (1971, 1977, 1984) describe un trastorno narcisista más caracterizado por vulnerabilidad y fragmentación del Ego.

Rosenfeld (1987) distingue entre el narcisista con “piel dura” y el narcisista con “piel fina”. Wink (1991) distingue entre “narcisismo manifiesto” (grupo Grandiosidad-Exhibicionismo, caracterizado por ser exhibicionista, extrovertido, confiado en sí mismo, agresivo) y “narcisismo encubierto” (grupo Vulnerabilidad-Sensibilidad, más introvertido, a la defensiva, ansioso y vulnerable). Gabbard (2002) resume estos dos aspectos del Trastorno Narcisista de Personalidad situándolos a lo largo de un continuo entre dos extremos: el polo del “narcisista inconsciente” y el polo del ” narcisista hipervigilante”.

I. El narcisista inconsciente

El narcisista grandioso, también considerado como narcisista inconsciente (Gabbard, 1989, 1998) debido a su falta de consciencia acerca de su propio impacto en los demás, ha sido descrito como arrogante, explotador y envidioso (Dickinson et al., 2003). Acostumbra a regular su autoestima a través del auto-enaltecimiento, la negación de sus debilidades, y a manifestar reacciones de ira ante la insatisfacción de sus expectativas, devaluando a las personas percibidas como una posible amenaza para su autoestima.

Según la investigación, los narcisistas grandiosos refieren problemas sociales en relación con la dominancia y venganza en sus relaciones (Pincus et al., 1990), aunque no suele destacarse un elevado malestar acerca de su estilo de interacción más allá de la propia ofensa por considerarse tratados de una manera que no merecen.

Según Kohut (1971), este tipo de rasgos narcisistas pueden estar relacionados con una menor integración del self rudimentario (formado en la infancia) con el resto de la personalidad, debido a la situaciones de duplicación inadecuada por parte de los padres (es decir, la alabanza y el fomento excesivo de expresiones de aceptación, que informan al niño que es ” bueno ”). En un intento de reanudar el proceso de crecimiento psicológico y satisfacer las necesidades infantiles no cubiertas, la persona narcisista continúa expresando grandiosidad y exhibicionismo durante la etapa adulta.

De manera general, el narcisista inconsciente puede presentar los siguientes rasgos y estilos en la interacción:

No es consciente de las reacciones de los demás.
Es arrogante y agresivo.
Se centra en sí mismo.
Necesita ser el centro de atención.
“Transmite” pero “no recibe”.
Es aparentemente impermeable a la idea de ser herido por los demás.

II. El narcisista hipervigilante o vulnerable

El subtipo vulnerable ha sido considerado bajo múltiples etiquetas, entre las que se incluyen el narcisista hipervigilante (Gabbard, 1989), hipersensitivo (Hendin et al., 1997), vulnerable (Gersten, 1991; Wink, 1991) y encubierto (Akhtar et al., 1982; Cooper, 1998; Wink et al., 1997). Se trata de un constructo discutido en tanto tiende a presentarse en forma de vergüenza, retraimiento y aparente empatía, rasgos que pueden considerarse justificados y/o asociados a distintos estilos de personalidad .

De manera general, las distintas investigaciones señalan que la persona en el subtipo vulnerable es menos capaz de utilizar el auto-enaltecimiento para modular su autoestima y, por ello, a menudo depende del feedback externo para regularla.

Las personas con rasgos narcisistas más encubiertos pueden experimentar mayor ansiedad en el desarrollo de relaciones debido a la naturaleza débil de su autoestima. En algunos casos, la decepción e hipersensibilidad derivados de las expectativas no alcanzadas pueden llegar a provocar aislamiento y evitación (Cooper, 1998, Gabbard, 1989, 1998; Gersten, 1991).

A pesar de que el narcisismo encubierto tiene la misma necesidad de atención que el narcisismo grandioso, las fantasías de éxito y valía son menos conscientes, y tienden a aparecer únicamente en las relaciones más cercanas (Kernberg, 1975). En este segundo subtipo aparece un mayor sentido de vulnerabilidad, caracterizado por sensibilidad extrema, una regulación emocional ineficaz y sentimientos de inferioridad (Hendin et al., 1997).

Según Kohut (1971), las dificultades de regulación emocional podrían estar relacionadas con una menor sensibilidad parental en las respuestas a la expresión emocional del niño durante la infancia, y tener como consecuencia una excesiva dependencia de mecanismos de defensa para la regulación del autoconcepto y las emociones (Pistole, 1995).

Algunos de los rasgos más característicos del subtipo vulnerbale o hipervigilante son los siguientes:

Es muy sensible a las reacciones de los demás.
Se inhibe, es tímido o incluso desaparece.
Dirige la atención a los demás más que a sí mismo.
Evita ser el centro de atención.
Escucha a los demás con cuidado para resaltar la falta de respeto o crítica.
Se siente herido con facilidad; experimenta con facilidad sentimientos de vergüenza o humillación.

Características diferenciales del Trastorno de Personalidad Narcisista respecto a otros trastornos de la personalidaad

El narcisismo vulnerable puede presentar algunas características comunes con al menos dos trastornos de personalidad según los criterios actuales de las clasificaciones diagnósticas (DSM-V, CIE-11): el trastorno límite y evitativo de personalidad.

En cuanto al diagnóstico diferencial con el trastorno límite de personalidad, la labilidad emocional que aparece en el trastorno de personalidad narcisista vulnerable se encuentra influida por sus dificultades manejando su autoestima y la frustración, mientras que en el trastorno límite se presenta como el resultado de necesidades no realistas, como puede ser la necesidad de un cuidador fuerte para regular sus temores a la independencia (Masterson, 1993).

Mientras en el trastorno de personalidad narcisista (inconsciente) suele estar presente un “yo grandioso” y cierta incapacidad de aceptar la dependencia, en el Trastorno Límite de Personalidad el concepto de “sí mismo” sería más estable, con tendencia a establecer relaciones de dependencia (anaclitismo).

Según Rinsley (1980, 1989), mientras que la persona con trastorno límite de personalidad habría sufrido, durante la niñez, un paro en ambas fases del proceso de separación-individuación (acercamiento y separación), el paciente narcisista habría sufrido una disociación entre la fase de acercamiento (que se ha podido desarrollar) y la fase de separación, que se ha quedado bloqueada.

Por otro lado, entre los rasgos descritos en el Trastorno de Personalidad Evitativo, existen aspectos que pueden solaparse con el narcisismo vulnerable, como la tendencia a manifestar vergüenza y/o temor en las relaciones, asi como también el temor a ser humillado, rechazado o avergonzado. En el caso del narcisismo vulnerable puede aparecer cierta evitación de las relaciones, aunque dirigida a protegerse de la decepción y vergüenza ante las expectativas incumplidas de los demás, en contraste con los miedos al rechazo social o proporcionar una impresión negativa típicos del trastorno evitativo.

Foto de hombre con camisa blanca, sentado en un mesa, desayunando y poniéndose en la boca una fresa.

El caso

A Carlos no le preocupa en absoluto la posibilidad de ser criticado por los demás: se hace notar por su alto tono de voz, exagerando a menudo sus logros y capacidades ante sus amigos y compañeros de trabajo. Carece de empatía en general, es arrogante, soberbio, explota a los demás en su beneficio y cree que los demás le envidian.

Estas características de Carlos hacen pensar que puede presentar un Trastorno Narcisista de Personalidad (TPN) de tipo inconsciente o grandioso.

Clasificación DSM V & CIE 11

El Trastorno Narcisista de Personalidad (DSM – 5) se caracteriza por un patrón dominante de grandeza (en la fantasía o en el comportamiento), necesidad de admiración y falta de empatía, que comienza al principio de la edad adulta en distintos contextos y se manifiesta por 5 o más de los hechos siguientes:

Tiene sentimientos de grandeza y prepotencia (e.g. exagera sus logros y talentos, espera ser reconocido como superior sin contar con los correspondientes éxitos).
Está absorto en fantasías de éxito , poder, brillantez, belleza o amor ilimitado.
Cree que es “especial” y único y que sólo pueden comprenderle o sólo puede relacionarse con otras personas (o instituciones) especiales o de alto status.
Tiene una necesidad excesiva de admiración.
Muestra un sentimiento de privilegio (es decir, expectativas no razonables de tratamiento especialmente favorable o de cumplimiento automático de sus expectativas).
Explota las relaciones interpersonales (es decir, se aprovecha de los demás para sus propios fines).
Carece de empatía: no está dispuesto a reconocer o a identificarse con los sentimientos y necesidades de los demás.
Con frecuencia envidia a los demás o cree que los éstos sienten envidia de él.
Muestra comportamientos o actitudes arrogantes, de superioridad.

Según la Clasificación Internacional de los Trastornos Mentales y del Comportamiento de la OMS (ICD-11, 2018), este trastorno se incluye en la categoría (6D10.Z), correspondiente a los trastornos de personalidad de severidad no especificada, en la que se incluyen los trastornos de personalidad no considerados en las nuevas categorías CIE: La Personalidad excéntrica. La Personalidad inestable. La Personalidad inmadura. La Personalidad pasivo-agresiva. La Personalidad psiconeurótica. El Trastorno narcisista de la personalidad. El Trastorno excéntrico de la personalidad. El Trastorno inestable de la personalidad. El Trastorno inmaduro de la personalidad. El Trastorno pasivo-agresivo de la personalidad. El Trastorno psiconeurótico de la personalidad.

Referencias

Akhtar, S. y Thomson, J.A. (1982) Overview: Narcissistic personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 12-20.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, DSM-5. American Psychiatric Publishing.
Cooper, A. (1988) Further developments in the clinical diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder. En E. Ronningstam (Ed.) Disorders of Narcissism: Diagnostic, clinical and empirical implications (pp. 53-74). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
Dickinson, K.A., Pincus, A.L. (2003) Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17¸188-207.
Gabbard, G.O. (1989) Two subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder. Bull Menninger Clin, 53, 527-532
Gabbard, G.O. (1998) Transference and countertransference in the treatment of narcissistic patients. En E.F. Ronningstram (Eds) Disorders of Narcissism. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press (pp.125-145).
Gersten, S.P. (1991). Narcissistic personality disorder consists of two subtypes. Psychiatr Times, 8, 25-26.
Hendin, H.M. y Cheeck, J.M. (1997). Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: A reexamination of Murray’s Narcissism Scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 588-599.
Kernberg, O. (1975) Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson.
Lingiardi, V., McWilliams, N.(2017). The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual Version 2 (PDM-2). The Guilford Press.
Masterson, J.F. (1993). The emerging self: A developmental, self and object relations approach to the treatment of the closet narcissistic disorder of the self. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Pincus, A.L. y Wiggins, J.S. (1990). Interpersonal problems and conceptions of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4, 342-352.
Pistole, M.C. (1995) Adult attachment style and narcissistic vulnerability. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 12, 115-126.
Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. New York: International University Press.
Rovik, J.O. (2001). Overt and covert narcissism: turning points and mutative elements in two psychotherapies. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 17, 435-477.
Russ, E., Schedler, J. Bradley, R., Western D. (2008). Redefining the construct of Narcissistic Personality Disorder: diagnostic criteria and subtypes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 1473-1481.
Smolewska, K., Dion, K.L. (2005). Narcissism and adult attachment: a multivariate approach. Self and Identity, 4, 59-68
Watson, P.J., Hickman, S.E., Morris, R.J., Milliron, J.T. y Whiting, L. (1993). Narcissism, self-esteem and parental nurturance. The Journal of Psychology, 129, 61-73.
Wink, P. (1991) Two faces of narcissism. Journal Pers Soc Psychol, 61, 590-597.
Wink, P. y Donahue, K. (1997). The relation between two types of narcissism and boredom. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 136-140.
World Health Organization (1992-1994). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems tenth revision ICD-10. World Health Organization.
World Health Organization (2018). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems ICD-11. World Health Organization

The tonal manner of Jan van Goyen and his diagonal design

Por

Elric M. Reaper

-

8 de octubre de 2023

0

The transportive work of Vincent van Gogh has transposed us through the limits of time and into an era where Impressionist paintings were a statement to be made. While the artist himself may be of post-impressionism, he manages to capture the open composition of the movement perfectly.

Post Impressionism rejected the earlier movement’s limitations. However, they continued their usage of vivid colors through the thick applications of their brush on canvas. Geometric forms can often be spotted in the paintings as they can distort the real-life subject matters and create a more expressive silhouette.

Vincent van Gogh as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism

Through his swirling brush strokes, the artist would convey his feelings and his state of mind. His belief that there was a power behind nature made him try to capture it through his work. Therefore, he strove to become a painter of rural life and nature.

His renditions of flowers are always symbolic in meaning where life is lived under the sun and work is an allegory of life. The color yellow is frequently present in his works to showcase life, God, and sunlight.

Van Gogh always aimed to stay within the “guise of reality” which gave his paintings an abstract form. However, he later wrote that at times he might have taken it too far, reality having been set as a background character and being heavily overshadowed by the protagonist: symbolism.

A collection of personality

He tried to build a personal collection that reflected his own views on reality and life, but one that could also be commercially successful, between 1885 and his death. His paintings, as such, contained an optimal use of color and brush strokes. However, his mistake was that he applied the idea of “purposeful” to paintings he had already finished instead of studies he could have taken to a whole new level.

“Cypresses” was painted in late June of 1889, when he began his year-long stay at the asylum in Saint-Rémy. He wanted to capture the big, tall trees that to him appeared as dark spots under the powerful sunlight.

The marvelous trees had gained ground in his other works after this. His painting “Wheat Field with Cypresses”, which was painted in late June 1889, had been devoted to his stay at the asylum. He regarded that painting as one of his best summer works and had been determined to make two renditions of it: a smaller scale one which had been sent as a gift to his mother and sister, and a bigger one which can be found in the National Gallery, in London.

The stylistic captures of Vincent van Gogh

Each artistic development Van Gogh had gone through has been owed to his living across different places in Europe. He took to immersing himself in the local culture and activity, he judged and studied the lighting and implemented in his various paintings. His evolution had been slow, and he was acutely aware of his painterly limitations, yet he kept his individual outlook throughout each work.

He might have been pushed to move often as a coping mechanism when faced with the realities of his current situation, however, it also contributed to his development of his technical skill. Whenever he painted a portrait, he wanted them to endure through the passage of time and would use colors to capture the emotions of each person rather than aim for realism.

Each new portrait reflected a varied style: from the beginning when he limited his palette and varied his brush strokes to the culmination of his career when he painted in a broad style and showed his frenzy through each work. The rough surface and use of a palette knife seem to have been the highest point in his work.

Vincent van Gogh’s sadness and loneliness had pushed him to try to take his own life. However, the attempt had been butchered, and he survived only to die of an infection that penetrated his body through the bullet wound. He had always tried to reflect his loneliness through his work, and he did so, beautifully.

Personas Mentirosas: Comprendiendo Su Actitud

Por

Elric M. Reaper

-

8 de octubre de 2023

0

La mentira es un comportamiento problemático que puede tener un impacto significativo en las relaciones interpersonales y la confianza. Las personas mentirosas pueden tener diferentes actitudes y motivaciones detrás de su comportamiento engañoso.

Algunas características y actitudes de una persona mentirosa

La actitud de una persona mentirosa conlleva ciertos patrones:

Engaño como mecanismo de defensa: Algunas personas recurren a la mentira como una forma de protegerse a sí mismas o de evitar enfrentar situaciones difíciles. Pueden sentir que la verdad los pondría en peligro, por lo que recurren a la mentira como una manera de mantenerse seguros.
Búsqueda de beneficios personales: En algunos casos, las personas mentirosas pueden tener una actitud egoísta y manipuladora, utilizando la mentira como una herramienta para obtener ventajas o beneficios a expensas de los demás. Buscan obtener recompensas o evitar consecuencias negativas.
Baja autoestima o inseguridad: Algunas personas mentirosas pueden tener una baja autoestima o sentir inseguridad acerca de sí mismas. Recurren a la mentira para construir una imagen o una narrativa más favorable, buscando mejorar su autoimagen o impresionar a los demás.
Patrón de comportamiento aprendido: En algunos casos, las personas pueden haber desarrollado un patrón de mentira como resultado de experiencias pasadas o influencias negativas en su entorno. Pueden haber aprendido que la mentira es una forma efectiva de evitar problemas o conseguir lo que desean.

Abordaje y Ayuda Efectiva para las Personas Mentirosas

Es importante abordar y ayudar a este tipo de personas de manera compasiva y efectiva. Aquí hay algunas estrategias que pueden ser de utilidad:

Fomentar un ambiente seguro y de confianza: Crea un entorno en el que la persona se sienta segura para expresarse sin temor a juicios o castigos. La confianza y la apertura son fundamentales para facilitar el cambio.
Practicar la empatía y la comprensión: Intenta comprender las motivaciones y las experiencias escondidas de la persona mentirosa. La empatía puede ayudar a establecer una conexión más profunda y a abordar las causas subyacentes de la mentira.
Comunicación asertiva y directa: Establece límites claros y comunica tus expectativas de honestidad de manera asertiva. Alentar a la persona a enfrentar las situaciones difíciles de frente en lugar de recurrir a la mentira.
Ayuda profesional: En casos más complejos o cuando la mentira compulsiva es un patrón arraigado, buscar la ayuda de un profesional de la salud mental, como un psicólogo o terapeuta, puede ser beneficioso. La terapia puede proporcionar un espacio seguro para abordar las causas subyacentes y desarrollar estrategias de cambio.
Reforzamiento positivo y apoyo: Reconoce y refuerza los comportamientos honestos y positivos. Proporciona apoyo emocional y alienta a la persona a buscar alternativas saludables para enfrentar los desafíos y resolver los problemas.

La actitud de las personas mentirosas puede estar influenciada por diferentes factores, como mecanismos de defensa, búsqueda de beneficios personales, baja autoestima o aprendizaje pasado. Al abordar y ayudar a estas personas de manera compasiva y efectiva, podemos promover cambios positivos y fomentar una mayor honestidad en las relaciones interpersonales. La empatía, la comunicación asertiva, la ayuda profesional y el apoyo son fundamentales para brindarles el apoyo necesario y facilitar su crecimiento y cambio.

Las mentiras que decimos a otras personas no son nada comparadas con las mentiras que nos decimos a nosotros mismos.

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Por qué algunas personas mienten con tanta facilidad?

Algunas personas mentirosas pueden haber desarrollado esta conducta como una forma de protegerse, evitar consecuencias negativas o aumentar su imagen ante los demás. También podría ser un patrón aprendido de situaciones del pasado.

¿Existe alguna relación entre la mentira y trastornos psicológicos?

Sí, en algunos casos, la mentira compulsiva puede estar asociada con trastornos como el trastorno de personalidad narcisista o el trastorno facticio. Además, la mentira patológica puede ser un síntoma de otros problemas de salud mental, como la ansiedad o la baja autoestima. Sin embargo, es importante recordar que no todas las personas mentirosas padecen trastornos psicológicos.

¿Cuál es el punto de ser bonita por fuera cuando estas tan podrida por dentro?

Características del mentiros@

Una de las causas y a la vez síntoma de las personas que mienten es la baja autoestima, la necesidad de reflejar una realidad que les haga parecer más interesantes y ser aceptados. La sintomatología ansiosa es parte del mentiroso, debido a la comparación de la realidad y el estrés que genera contar algo y tener miedo a ser descubierto.
Además, suelen tener dificultades sociales debido a la pérdida de credibilidad. Al contrario de lo esperado, aparece en ellos una tendencia a mentir de forma duradera, no como situación aislada o presión social, sino como una característica de personalidad. Importante destacar cómo algunos trastornos de personalidad, como la personalidad histriónica, narcisista, límite, sociópata, inmadurez y el síndrome de Münchausen, comparten (aunque de distintas maneras) rasgos de la mentira patológica. Cabe mencionar que una persona con esta sintomatología no indica que vaya a presentar un trastorno de personalidad.

El trato con la mentira

El tratamiento a través de terapias, de manera resumida, consistiría en fortalecer la autoestima de la persona, mejorar las habilidades sociales y la resolución de conflictos. La persona tiene que sentirse satisfecha con su realidad y consigo misma. Que sea consciente de los problemas que genera su conducta, además de poder eliminar pensamientos negativos, utilizar técnicas de modificación de conducta orientadas a la conciencia de la mentira, e identificar signos y mecanismos para sobrellevar la vida sin la necesidad de mentir.

Mentira patológica y adicción: parecidos razonables

En muchos sentidos la mitomanía o mentira patológica se asemeja a un comportamiento adictivo. Se podría considerar también un trastorno de falta de control de impulsos. Algunos de los síntomas en común con las adicciones que tratamos en nuestra clínica de desintoxicación son: altos niveles de ansiedad cuando se encuentra ante situaciones propicias para mentir; pensamientos recurrentes que incitan a la persona a mentir; imposibilidad de resistir el impulso de engañar; relajación y cierto grado de satisfacción al no ser descubierto tras sus mentiras. Si comparamos estos síntomas con los trastornos adictivos, encontramos más de una semejanza.

Cuando un mentiroso compulsivo miente, no tiene porqué haber una razón para ello, es como si sintieran reales cosas que no lo son, o se creyesen sus propias mentiras y las viesen como realidades. Se podría decir que un mentiroso compulsivo se da en personas que han normalizado la mentira y les resulta más fácil mentir que decir la verdad, creando así su propia realidad en la cual obtienen un beneficio, evitando ser dañados por la verdad, que para ellos duele.

Desgraciadamente, todos en algún momento de nuestras vidas nos hemos enfrentado a gente falsa, hipócrita, envidiosa y desleal que nos han jugado malas pasadas.

Coincidir con gente tóxica es inevitable, pero sí que es posible detectar a estas malas personas para gestionar sus comportamientos y no salir malparados.

The spectacle of urban life through the works of Camille Pissarro

Por

Elric M. Reaper

-

8 de octubre de 2023

0

The transportive work of Vincent van Gogh has transposed us through the limits of time and into an era where Impressionist paintings were a statement to be made. While the artist himself may be of post-impressionism, he manages to capture the open composition of the movement perfectly.

Post Impressionism rejected the earlier movement’s limitations. However, they continued their usage of vivid colors through the thick applications of their brush on canvas. Geometric forms can often be spotted in the paintings as they can distort the real-life subject matters and create a more expressive silhouette.

Vincent van Gogh as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism

Through his swirling brush strokes, the artist would convey his feelings and his state of mind. His belief that there was a power behind nature made him try to capture it through his work. Therefore, he strove to become a painter of rural life and nature.

His renditions of flowers are always symbolic in meaning where life is lived under the sun and work is an allegory of life. The color yellow is frequently present in his works to showcase life, God, and sunlight.

Van Gogh always aimed to stay within the “guise of reality” which gave his paintings an abstract form. However, he later wrote that at times he might have taken it too far, reality having been set as a background character and being heavily overshadowed by the protagonist: symbolism.

A collection of personality

He tried to build a personal collection that reflected his own views on reality and life, but one that could also be commercially successful, between 1885 and his death. His paintings, as such, contained an optimal use of color and brush strokes. However, his mistake was that he applied the idea of “purposeful” to paintings he had already finished instead of studies he could have taken to a whole new level.

“Cypresses” was painted in late June of 1889, when he began his year-long stay at the asylum in Saint-Rémy. He wanted to capture the big, tall trees that to him appeared as dark spots under the powerful sunlight.

The marvelous trees had gained ground in his other works after this. His painting “Wheat Field with Cypresses”, which was painted in late June 1889, had been devoted to his stay at the asylum. He regarded that painting as one of his best summer works and had been determined to make two renditions of it: a smaller scale one which had been sent as a gift to his mother and sister, and a bigger one which can be found in the National Gallery, in London.

The stylistic captures of Vincent van Gogh

Each artistic development Van Gogh had gone through has been owed to his living across different places in Europe. He took to immersing himself in the local culture and activity, he judged and studied the lighting and implemented in his various paintings. His evolution had been slow, and he was acutely aware of his painterly limitations, yet he kept his individual outlook throughout each work.

He might have been pushed to move often as a coping mechanism when faced with the realities of his current situation, however, it also contributed to his development of his technical skill. Whenever he painted a portrait, he wanted them to endure through the passage of time and would use colors to capture the emotions of each person rather than aim for realism.

Each new portrait reflected a varied style: from the beginning when he limited his palette and varied his brush strokes to the culmination of his career when he painted in a broad style and showed his frenzy through each work. The rough surface and use of a palette knife seem to have been the highest point in his work.

Vincent van Gogh’s sadness and loneliness had pushed him to try to take his own life. However, the attempt had been butchered, and he survived only to die of an infection that penetrated his body through the bullet wound. He had always tried to reflect his loneliness through his work, and he did so, beautifully.